As we age, our oral health changes. Most older adults today are likely to keep most of or all of their teeth than in the past. Everyone ages differently, but chronic conditions and diseases can affect oral health.  

Common oral health concerns older adults may have are:

• Dry mouth — A dry mouth can be a side effect of many medications. It can also be a symptom of disease such as diabetes. Saliva is essential for healthy teeth and oral tissues. Without saliva, the risk of cavities increases. To help with dry mouth, try chewing sugarless gum and drink plenty of water. Your dentist can discuss treatment options and help you find ways to manage your symptoms.
• Periodontal disease — Bacteria is responsible for periodontal disease. This disease is common in older adults and can result in tooth loss. The bacteria can also enter your bloodstream and increase the risk for heart disease. Preventing periodontal disease requires improving your oral health care habits which include regular dental visits.
• Root cavities — Gum recession is likely in older adults. This causes the roots of teeth to be exposed which increases the risk of cavities. Unlike the top half of a tooth, the roots lack enamel. This makes it easier for cavities to form on the roots. Having a dry mouth increases the chances of tooth decay. The use of fluoride is important to prevent root cavities.
• Age-related changes — As we age, like the rest of our body, our teeth will undergo changes. Teeth may start to become brittle and appear darker in colour. There may be cracks on the surface of teeth or wear on the edges. There is a higher possibility of a tooth fracture.
• Dentures and special needs — Some older adults wear full or partial dentures. To care for dentures, clean with a denture brush and a special cleanser daily, brushing with short strokes. (A non-abrasive toothpaste or mild soap also works.) Some adults have bone loss which affects their ability to wear dentures. Some individuals with Alzheimer’s disease may not be able to wear dentures. Adults with arthritis may have limited dexterity, making it difficult to use a toothbrush. For these individuals, assistance or a modified oral hygiene routine can be helpful. When visiting the dentist, call ahead to ensure your particular needs can be addressed.

Good oral health is part of your overall health, so maintaining a good oral hygiene routine and dialogue with your dentist is key to addressing your oral health concerns.

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